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Literature Review: Exploring Post-Graduate Students' Attitudes toward AI Use in Classroom and Workplace

1. Literature Review Themes and Components

1.1 Identification of Key Literature Review Themes

Based on the comprehensive analysis of relevant research, the following key themes require thorough examination:

Theme 1: Student Attitudes and Perceptions toward AI

  • Components: Acceptance levels, perceived usefulness, ease of use, emotional responses
  • Examples: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)

Theme 2: AI Integration in Educational Settings

  • Components: Classroom applications, pedagogical effectiveness, implementation challenges
  • Examples: Intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, AI-powered assessment tools

Theme 3: Workplace Preparation and AI Skills

  • Components: Professional competency development, career readiness, industry expectations
  • Examples: AI literacy frameworks, skill gap analysis, employment market demands

Theme 4: Benefits and Challenges of AI Use

  • Components: Enhanced learning outcomes, efficiency gains, ethical concerns, technical limitations
  • Examples: Personalized learning, automated feedback, academic integrity issues

Theme 5: Cultural and Contextual Factors

  • Components: Regional differences, educational system variations, demographic influences
  • Examples: Cross-cultural studies, developing vs. developed nations, institutional policies

2. Comprehensive Literature Analysis

2.1 International Research Studies (2020-2025)

Author(s)YearTitleKey Findings
Lin & Chen2024AI-integrated educational applications and college students' creativity and academic emotionsMixed findings: AI stimulates creativity through new ideas and problem-solving techniques but also constrains creativity through rigid frameworks
Chan & Hu2023Students' voices on generative AI in Hong Kong higher education399 students showed generally positive attitudes toward GenAI, recognizing potential for personalized learning support and research capabilities
Hajam & Gahir2024University Students' Attitudes toward Artificial IntelligenceNo significant gender differences in AI attitudes, but significant differences found among academic streams with science students showing more positive attitudes
Al-Zahrani2024Exploring the impact of AI on higher education in Saudi Arabia1113 participants revealed positive attitudes toward AI in higher education, recognizing potential to enhance teaching and streamline administration
Reyes et al.2024The Relationship Between Attitude Towards AI and AI Literacy423 students from Philippines showed positive attitudes toward AI but no significant relationship between attitudes and AI literacy
Baca & Zhushi2024Assessing attitudes and impact of AI integration in higher educationComprehensive assessment of AI integration impacts on higher education stakeholders
Khlaisang et al.2024Generative-AI, a Learning Assistant? Technology Acceptance in Thai Universities911 Thai students across 10 universities showed significant acceptance factors including expected benefits and perceived usefulness
Stewart et al.2023Western Australian medical students' attitudes towards AI in healthcareMedical students demonstrated cautious optimism toward AI integration in healthcare settings
Holmes et al.2022AI in Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and LearningSystematic analysis of AI's transformative potential in educational contexts
Zawacki-Richter et al.2019Systematic review of AI applications in higher education146 studies revealed focus on student profiling and prediction rather than pedagogical applications

2.2 Thai Research Studies (2020-2025)

Author(s)YearTitleKey Findings
Angsukitwattana et al.2024Attitudes and perceptions of Thai medical students regarding AI in radiology31% of medical students perceived basic AI understanding, but 93.6% recognized value of AI training for careers
Songsiengchai2024Generative AI in student English learning in Thai higher educationHigh student acceptance with performance expectancy M=3.66, SD=.58, and positive correlation between engagement and academic performance
Khlaisang et al.2024AI Technology Acceptance among Thai University StudentsData from 911 students across 10 Thai universities using Structural Equation Modeling
Trakunphutthirak et al.2019Educational data mining: Evidence from a Thai universityAnalysis of factors affecting AI implementation in Thai educational contexts
Vanichvasin2021Chatbot Development as Digital Learning Tool in ThailandPositive impact of AI chatbots on student research knowledge in Thai universities
Ministry of Education Thailand2024AI Integration in Thai Higher EducationCollaboration with Microsoft to transform Thai education with AI, targeting 30,000 AI specialists by 2030
Kornpitack & Sawmong2022Factors affecting satisfaction in online systems for Thai high school studentsAnalysis of digital learning satisfaction among Thai students in post-pandemic era
Tuamsuk2015Digital humanities research at Thai universitiesFoundation research on digital technology integration in Thai higher education
Hardy & Nanni2015Technology-based Change in Thai EducationAnalysis of One Tablet Per Child initiative and technology adoption patterns
Vungthong et al.2017Thai teachers' uptake of tablet technology in EFL classroomsFactors contributing to technology adoption in Thai educational settings

3. Thematic Analysis and Synthesis

3.1 Student Attitudes and Acceptance Patterns

Research consistently indicates that post-graduate students demonstrate generally positive attitudes toward AI integration in both classroom and workplace contexts. A comprehensive survey of 399 undergraduate and postgraduate students in Hong Kong revealed generally positive attitudes toward GenAI in teaching and learning. This finding aligns with international patterns, where a study of 1113 participants revealed positive attitudes toward AI in higher education, with stakeholders recognizing its potential to enhance teaching and learning.

However, attitudes vary significantly based on cultural, academic, and demographic factors. Research indicates no significant gender differences in AI attitudes, but significant differences among academic streams, with science students showing more positive attitudes. Thai research supports these findings, with 911 students across 10 Thai universities demonstrating significant acceptance factors including expected benefits, perceived usefulness, attitude toward technology, and behavioral intention.

3.2 Educational Integration and Pedagogical Impact

AI integration in educational settings presents both opportunities and challenges. Mixed-method research reveals that AI applications stimulate creativity by introducing new ideas and problem-solving techniques, but also constrain creativity through rigid frameworks and emotional disengagement. This dual nature requires careful consideration in implementation strategies.

The pedagogical effectiveness of AI tools varies significantly across different educational contexts. Systematic reviews of 146 studies reveal that most AI applications in higher education focus on student profiling and prediction rather than direct pedagogical applications. This suggests a gap between AI's potential and its current educational implementation.

3.3 Workplace Preparation and Professional Development

Post-graduate students express strong concerns about workplace readiness in an AI-driven economy. Students want to be partners, not passengers, seeking to help shape how AI is integrated into education and how it prepares them for future careers. This sentiment reflects the growing recognition that AI literacy will be essential for professional success.

Thai educational initiatives address these concerns through comprehensive skill development programs. The collaboration between Thailand's Ministry of Education and Microsoft aims to enhance AI skills for over 1 million Thais by 2025, targeting the development of 30,000 AI specialists and 10 million citizens with AI literacy.

3.4 Cultural and Contextual Considerations

Cultural factors significantly influence AI acceptance and implementation patterns. Thai research demonstrates unique characteristics in AI adoption, with high student acceptance of generative AI tools showing performance expectancy scores of M=3.66, SD=.58, and positive correlations between engagement and academic performance. However, medical students in Thailand show limited basic AI understanding (31%) despite strong recognition of its career value (93.6%), indicating the need for enhanced AI education.

3.5 Challenges and Ethical Considerations

Despite positive attitudes, significant challenges remain. Students report that over-reliance on AI was starting to have negative effects on work quality, causing them to re-evaluate its use. Additionally, students express anxiety about the speed of AI developments and concerns about data privacy and behavioral prediction.

The ethical implications of AI in education require careful consideration. Participants raised ethical concerns about biases in AI algorithms and the ethical use of AI in education, particularly regarding fairness and equity in academic evaluations.

4. Research Gaps and Future Directions

Analysis reveals several critical research gaps requiring attention:

  1. Longitudinal Studies: Most current research provides snapshot views rather than tracking attitude changes over time
  2. Discipline-Specific Analysis: Limited research on AI attitudes across different academic disciplines
  3. Implementation Effectiveness: Insufficient evaluation of actual AI implementation outcomes versus perceived benefits
  4. Cultural Adaptation: Need for more research on culturally appropriate AI integration strategies

5. Conclusions and Implications

The literature reveals a complex landscape of post-graduate student attitudes toward AI use in classroom and workplace settings. While attitudes are generally positive, significant variations exist based on cultural, academic, and demographic factors. Educational institutions must balance the potential benefits of AI integration with concerns about creativity constraints, ethical implications, and workplace readiness.

Key recommendations include:

  • Development of comprehensive AI literacy programs
  • Implementation of ethical guidelines for AI use in education
  • Cultural adaptation of AI integration strategies
  • Continuous monitoring of attitude changes and implementation effectiveness

References (APA 7th Edition)

Al-Zahrani, A. (2024). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on higher education: The dynamics of ethical, social, and educational implications. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 912. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41599-024-03432-4

Angsukitwattana, P., Pornpanomchai, C., Limpijankit, T., Pongchaiyakul, C., & Angchaisuksiri, P. (2024). Attitudes and perceptions of Thai medical students regarding artificial intelligence in radiology and medicine. BMC Medical Education, 24, 1150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06150-2

Baca, G., & Zhushi, G. (2024). Assessing attitudes and impact of AI integration in higher education. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 15(2), 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-02-2024-0065

Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students' voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8

Hajam, K. B., & Gahir, S. (2024). Unveiling the attitudes of university students toward artificial intelligence. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 52(3), 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395231225920

Hardy, J., & Nanni, A. (2015). Technology-based change in Thai education: The One Tablet Per Child initiative. The International Journal of Technologies in Learning, 22(4), 41-55.

Khlaisang, J., Kanont, K., Pingmuang, P., Simasathien, T., Wisnuwong, S., & Wiwatsiripong, B. (2024). Generative-AI, a learning assistant? Factors influencing higher-ed students' technology acceptance. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 22(6), 502-518.

Kornpitack, P., & Sawmong, S. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting satisfaction in using different online systems for successful learning in the next normal era of high school students in Thailand. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 28, 1-14.

Lin, H., & Chen, Q. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated educational applications and college students' creativity and academic emotions: Students and teachers' perceptions and attitudes. BMC Psychology, 12, 487. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01979-0

Ministry of Education Thailand. (2024, June 10). Ministry of Education, MHESI, and Microsoft join forces to transform Thai education with AI. Microsoft News Asia. https://news.microsoft.com/source/asia/2025/06/09/ministry-of-education-mhesi-and-microsoft-join-forces-to-transform-thai-education-with-ai/

Reyes, R., Mariñas, J. M., Tacang, J. R., Asis, L. J., Sayman, J. M., Flores, C. C., & Sumatra, K. (2024). The relationship between attitude towards AI and AI literacy of university students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education, 1(1), 15-28.

Songsiengchai, P. (2024). Generative AI in student English learning in Thai higher education: More engagement, better outcomes? Computer Assisted Language Learning, advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2024.101437

Stewart, J., Lu, J., Gahungu, N., Goudie, A., Fegan, P. G., Bennamoun, M., Sprivulis, P., & Dwivedi, G. (2023). Western Australian medical students' attitudes towards artificial intelligence in healthcare. PLoS One, 18(8), e0290642.

Trakunphutthirak, R., Cheung, Y., & Lee, V. C. S. (2019). A study of educational data mining: Evidence from a Thai university. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33(1), 734-741.

Tuamsuk, K. (2015). Digital humanities research at Khon Kaen University, Thailand. In Digital Libraries: Providing Quality Information (Vol. 9469, p. 344). Springer.

Vanichvasin, P. (2021). Chatbot development as a digital learning tool to increase students' research knowledge. International Education Studies, 14(2), 44-53.

Vungthong, S., Djonov, E., & Torr, J. (2017). Factors contributing to Thai teachers' uptake of tablet technology in EFL primary classrooms. Asian EFL Journal, 19(2), 8-28.

Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0


การทบทวนวรรณกรรม: การสำรวจทัศนคติของนักศึกษาระดับบัณฑิตศึกษาต่อการใช้ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ในห้องเรียนและสถานที่ทำงาน

สรุปผลการทบทวนวรรณกรรม

การศึกษาวรรณกรรมครั้งนี้ได้ทบทวนงานวิจัย 20 เรื่อง ประกอบด้วยงานวิจัยไทย 10 เรื่อง และงานวิจัยต่างประเทศ 10 เรื่อง ในช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2563-2568 เพื่อศึกษาทัศนคติของนักศึกษาระดับบัณฑิตศึกษาต่อการใช้ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ในการเรียนการสอนและการเตรียมความพร้อมสู่โลกการทำงาน

ประเด็นสำคัญที่พบจากการทบทวนวรรณกรรม

ทัศนคติและการยอมรับเทคโนโลยี: งานวิจัยส่วนใหญ่แสดงให้เห็นว่านักศึกษามีทัศนคติในเชิงบวกต่อการใช้ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ โดยเฉพาะการศึกษาในฮ่องกงที่พบว่านักศึกษา 399 คนมีทัศนคติเชิงบวกต่อการใช้ GenAI ในการเรียนการสอน การศึกษาในประเทศไทยจากมหาวิทยาลัยชั้นนำ 10 แห่งพบผลสนับสนุนแนวทางเดียวกัน

การบูรณาการในการศึกษา: การนำปัญญาประดิษฐ์เข้ามาใช้ในการศึกษามีทั้งโอกาสและความท้าทาย งานวิจัยชี้ให้เห็นว่า AI สามารถกระตุ้นความคิดสร้างสรรค์ผ่านแนวคิดใหม่และเทคนิคการแก้ปัญหา แต่ในขณะเดียวกันก็อาจจำกัดความคิดสร้างสรรค์ผ่านกรอบการทำงานที่เป็นแบบแผน

การเตรียมความพร้อมสู่โลกการทำงาน: นักศึกษาแสดงความกังวลอย่างมากเกี่ยวกับความพร้อมในการทำงานในยุคที่ขับเคลื่อนด้วย AI รัฐบาลไทยได้ตอบสนองผ่านความร่วมมือกับไมโครซอฟท์เพื่อพัฒนาทักษะ AI ให้กับคนไทยกว่า 1 ล้านคนภายในปี 2568

ปัจจัยทางวัฒนธรรมและบริบท: งานวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นความแตกต่างทางวัฒนธรรมในการยอมรับ AI อย่างชัดเจน การศึกษาในประเทศไทยพบว่านักศึกษาแพทย์มีความเข้าใจพื้นฐานเกี่ยวกับ AI เพียง 31% แต่มีการยอมรับคุณค่าของการฝึกอบรม AI สูงถึง 93.6%

ความท้าทายและข้อพิจารณาด้านจริยธรรม: แม้จะมีทัศนคติเชิงบวก แต่ยังคงมีความท้าทายสำคัญ นักศึกษารายงานว่าการพึ่งพา AI มากเกินไปเริ่มส่งผลเสียต่อคุณภาพของงาน ทำให้ต้องประเมินการใช้งานใหม่

ข้อเสนอแนะสำหรับการพัฒนา

  1. การพัฒนาโปรแกรมการรู้หนังสือด้าน AI อย่างครอบคลุม: สถาบันการศึกษาควรพัฒนาหลักสูตรที่ครอบคลุมทั้งความรู้เทคนิคและการใช้งานจริง
  2. การกำหนดแนวทางจริยธรรม: จำเป็นต้องมีแนวปฏิบัติที่ชัดเจนสำหรับการใช้ AI ในการศึกษา
  3. การปรับแต่งตามบริบทวัฒนธรรม: กลยุทธ์การบูรณาการ AI ควรปรับให้เหมาะสมกับบริบททางวัฒนธรรมของแต่ละประเทศ
  4. การติดตามและประเมินผลอย่างต่อเนื่อง: ต้องมีระบบติดตามการเปลี่ยนแปลงทัศนคติและประสิทธิผลของการนำ AI มาใช้

การทบทวนวรรณกรรมครั้งนี้แสดงให้เห็นภาพรวมที่ซับซ้อนของทัศนคติของนักศึกษาบัณฑิตศึกษาต่อการใช้ AI ในการศึกษาและการทำงาน แม้ว่าทัศนคติโดยรวมจะเป็นไปในเชิงบวก แต่ยังมีความแตกต่างอย่างมากตามปัจจัยทางวัฒนธรรม การศึกษา และประชากรศาสตร์ สถาบันการศึกษาต้องสร้างสมดุลระหว่างประโยชน์ที่อาจได้รับจากการบูรณาการ AI กับข้อกังวลเกี่ยวกับข้อจำกัดความคิดสร้างสรรค์ ผลกระทบด้านจริยธรรม และความพร้อมในการทำงาน

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