Biology Chapter Exercise Solutions - Tissues
Page 1: Review Questions (Page 33)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
- (i) In potato, starch is stored in: (b) Parenchyma
- (ii) Tendons and ligaments are examples of: (c) Fibrous connective tissue
- (iii) Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?: (a) Meristem – Actively dividing cells
- (iv) Parenchyma containing chloroplasts is known as: (d) Chlorenchyma
- (v) Annual rings are the number of: (d) Layers of Xylem in a stem
- (vi) Which of the following cells in plants are said to be dead?: (d) Sclerenchyma
- (vii) Which of the following connects a muscle to a bone?: (c) Tendon
- (viii) Which of the following tissues is richly found in the tear gland?: (d) Glandular epithelium
- (ix) Which one of the following tissues helps in the growth of plants lengthwise?: (b) Apical meristem
- (x) Cardiac muscle is: (d) Involuntary and Striated (It has properties of both)
- (xi) P has a good supply of blood vessels (Bone) and Q has no blood vessels (Cartilage). The correct option is: (c) P — Bone, Q — Cartilage
- (xii) Who were correct?
- Neeta said: Striated and involuntary. (Correct)
- Nitesh said: Unstriated and unbranched. (Incorrect)
- Isha said: Striated and branched. (Correct)
- Kabeer said: Unstriated and voluntary. (Incorrect)
- The correct answer is (b) Neeta and Isha
- (xiii) P has dead cells with thick walls due to lignin (Sclerenchyma). Q has elongated cells with the cell wall thickened at the corners (Collenchyma). The correct option is: (b) P — Sclerenchyma, Q — Collenchyma
Page 2: Review Questions (Page 34)
2. ASSERTION-REASON TYPE
(i) Assertion (A) is True, but Reason (R) is False. So, (b) A is True and R is False.
Reason: Cambium is a lateral meristem, not located at the tips of the root and stem.
(ii) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are False. So, (d) Both A and R are False.
Reason: Collenchyma walls are thickened with cellulose/pectin, not lignin. It provides support, but food storage is mainly a function of parenchyma.
(iii) Assertion (A) is True, but Reason (R) is False. So, (b) A is True and R is False.
Reason: Tracheids help in the conduction of water, not prepared food.
(iv) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are True, but R is not the correct explanation of A. So, (c) Both A and R are True but R is not a correct explanation of A.
Reason: Both statements are true facts about lymph, but its function (R) doesn't explain its composition (A).
(v) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are True, but R is not the correct explanation of A. So, (c) Both A and R are True but R is not a correct explanation of A.
Reason: The ability to contract without stimulation is a functional property, which does not explain its physical structure described in A.
B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
- Fill in the blanks for the specific cell (Neuron):
The cell shown above is the basic structural and functional unit of the (a) nervous system. Each cell consists of a round or oval body, called (b) cell body (or cyton), containing the nucleus. It has one or more elongated hair-like extensions called (c) dendrites or (d) axon. One of these extensions is very long and is termed as (d) axon. Many of these extensions are bundled together to form a (e) nerve.
Page 3: Review Questions (Page 35)
D. LONG ANSWER TYPE
1. Distinguish between the following pairs:
(a) Parenchyma and Collenchyma (cellular structure):
- Parenchyma: Cells have thin, uniform cell walls.
- Collenchyma: Cells have unevenly thickened cell walls, especially at the corners.
(b) Meristematic and Permanent tissue (cell division):
- Meristematic tissue: Cells are capable of continuous division.
- Permanent tissue: Cells have lost the ability to divide.
(c) Blood and Lymph (cellular components):
- Blood: Contains Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), and platelets.
- Lymph: Contains WBCs, but lacks RBCs and platelets.
(d) Bone and Cartilage (porosity):
- Bone: It is porous and has a rich supply of blood vessels.
- Cartilage: It is non-porous and has no blood vessels.
(e) Voluntary and Involuntary muscles (shape and cellular structure):
- Voluntary (Striated) Muscle: Fibres are long, cylindrical, have stripes (striations), and are multinucleated.
- Involuntary (Smooth) Muscle: Fibres are spindle-shaped, have no stripes, and are uninucleated.
2. What is the difference between:
(a) cell and tissue? A cell is the single basic unit of life. A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific function.
(b) organ and organism? An organ is a structure made of different tissues working together (e.g., the heart). An organism is a complete living being made of multiple organ systems (e.g., a human).
(c) organ and organelle? An organ is a large, visible part of an organism (e.g., the liver). An organelle is a tiny structure inside a cell (e.g., the nucleus).
(d) organ and organ system? An organ is a single functional unit (e.g., the stomach). An organ system is a group of organs that work together for a major function (e.g., the digestive system).
E. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION QUESTIONS
1. Study the diagram (Phloem) and answer:
(a) Identify the tissue and give a reason: The tissue is Phloem. Reason: It consists of sieve tubes and companion cells, which are characteristic of food-conducting tissue in plants.
(b) Name the parts 1, 2, 3, and 4:
- 1- Sieve tube
- 2- Sieve plate
- 3- Phloem parenchyma
- 4- Companion cell
(c) Where is this tissue likely to be found? In the vascular bundles of the plant stem, root, and leaves.
(d) State the function of the parts:
- 1 (Sieve tube): Conducts prepared food from leaves to other parts.
- 2 (Sieve plate): It is porous and allows food to pass from one sieve tube cell to the next.
- 4 (Companion cell): Controls the activities of the sieve tube.
2. Study the diagram (Neuron) and answer:
(a) Identify the cell: Nerve cell or Neuron.
(b) Name the parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6:
- 1- Dendrite
- 2- Nucleus
- 3- Cell Body (Cyton)
- 4- Axon
- 5- Myelin Sheath
- 6- Axon terminal
(c) Where is this cell likely to be found and what is its function? It is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Its function is to transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses.
3. Study the figures (A-Cartilage, B-Bone) and answer:
(a) Identify the tissues A and B: A is Cartilage; B is Bone.
(b) Label the guidelines:
- A: 1- Matrix, 2- Cell (Chondrocyte)
- B: 1- Haversian canal, 2- Matrix, 3- Cell (Osteocyte)
(c) Write one common function: Both provide support and give shape to the body.
(d) Mention one functional difference: Bone provides a rigid framework and protects vital organs, while cartilage provides flexible support and smoothens joint surfaces.
(e) Write one specific location of each:
- A (Cartilage): Tip of the nose
- B (Bone): Thigh bone
5. Sandesh observed a slide (Xylem):
(a) Identify and name the kind of tissue: The tissue is Xylem. It is a complex permanent tissue.
(b) Distinguish between simple and complex permanent tissue:
- Simple permanent tissue: Made up of only one type of cell (e.g., Parenchyma).
- Complex permanent tissue: Made up of more than one type of cell that work together as a unit (e.g., Xylem, Phloem).
(c) Write one important role: Its role is to transport water and minerals from the roots to all other parts of the plant.
Key Points Summary
Plant Tissues:
- Meristematic tissues: Growth and division
- Permanent tissues: Specialized functions
- Xylem: Water transport
- Phloem: Food transport
Animal Tissues:
- Epithelial: Protection and secretion
- Connective: Support and connection
- Muscular: Movement
- Nervous: Control and coordination
Important Distinctions:
- Voluntary vs Involuntary muscles
- Bone vs Cartilage
- Blood vs Lymph
- Simple vs Complex tissues